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The Status of and problems associated with vertical control networks in Indonesia.
In Indonesia particulary on the island of Jawa, there are numereous local level nets, most of them are linked to sea level via tide gauge observation. Some local systems are related to a mean yearly sea level, other to rean high row mean low tides and also relation to highet hihg tide or the lowest low tide does occur. There is no uniformity. In 1925 the than topographic services undertook a precise levelling project for the island of Jawa with the purpose to establish a homogeneous vertical control network for this very densed populated island. However this work was never completed until the second world war broke out. At present most of the benchmark are damage or partly available.
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