The accuracy of vertical position information can be degraded by various sources of error in digital aerial photogrammetry (DAP) based point clouds. To address this issue, we propose a relatively straightforward method for automated correction of such point clouds. This method can be used in conjunction with any 3D reconstruction method in which a point cloud is generated from a pair of aerial …
Earthquakes are classified as one of the most devastating natural disasters that can have catastrophic effects on the environment, lives, and properties. There has been an increasing interest in the prediction of earthquakes and in gaining a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that underlie their generation, yet earthquakes are the least predictable natural disaster. Satellite data, g…
Pore size analysis plays a pivotal role in unraveling reservoir behavior and its intricate relationship with confined fluids. Traditional methods for predicting pore size distribution (PSD), relying on drilling cores or thin sections, face limitations associated with depth specificity. In this study, we introduce an innovative framework that leverages nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) log data, …
The vertical profile of the ionosphere density plays a significant role in the development of low-latitude Equatorial Plasma Bubbles (EPBs), that in turn lead to ionospheric scintillation which can severely degrade precision and availability of critical users of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Accurate estimation of ionospheric delays through vertical electron density profiles is…
Among the biggest challenges we face in utilizing neural networks trained on waveform (i.e., seismic, electromagnetic, or ultrasound) data is its application to real data. The requirement for accurate labels often forces us to train our networks using synthetic data, where labels are readily available. However, synthetic data often fail to capture the reality of the field/real experiment, and w…
Solving the wave equation is one of the most (if not the most) fundamental problems we face as we try to illuminate the Earth using recorded seismic data. The Helmholtz equation provides wavefield solutions that are dimensionally reduced, per frequency, compared to the time domain, which is useful for many applications, like full waveform inversion. However, our ability to attain such wavefield…
Noise suppression is an essential step in many seismic processing workflows. A portion of this noise, particularly in land datasets, presents itself as random noise. In recent years, neural networks have been successfully used to denoise seismic data in a supervised fashion. However, supervised learning always comes with the often unachievable requirement of having noisy-clean data pairs for tr…
Coastal marsh wetlands experience variations in vertical gains and losses through time, which have allowed them to infill relict topography and record variations in drivers. The stratigraphic unit associated with the development of the marsh also reflects the long-term importance of key ecosystem services supplied by the marsh environment, including carbon storage and storm mitigation. Mapping …
This research aims to forecast maximum temperatures and the frequency of heatwave days across four different temperature zones (Zone 1, 2, 3 and 4) in India. These four zones are categorized based on the 30-year average maximum temperatures (T30AMT) during the summer months of April, May, and June (AMJ). Two Machine Learning (ML) algorithms eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and Support Vector…
Due to the nature of black-box machine learning (ML) models used in the spatial modelling field of environmental and natural hazards, the interpretation of predictive model outputs is necessary. For this purpose, we applied four interpretation techniques consisting of interaction plot, permutation feature importance (PFI) measure, shapley additive explanation (SHAP) decision plot, and accumulat…