The spatiotemporal distribution of major earthquakes in the study area (1600–2024) is analyzed to tentatively recognize the possible connections with the short-term (from decades to centuries) evolution of the ongoing tectonic processes. This study suggests that during the period considered, seismic activity has been predominantly related to the shortening processes accommodating the converge…
The Palaeocene Lockhart Formation, a carbonate-rich succession abundant in Larger Benthic Foraminifera, represents a significant potential hydrocarbon reservoir extending throughout the Kohat, Potwar and Hazara basins of Pakistan. This study examines two stratigraphic sections of the Lockhart Formation in the Hazara Basin—Bagran and Karhaki—providing crucial insights into its biostratigraph…
Geothermal energy exploitation has emerged as a critical solution to combat global climate crises, such as reducing CO2 emissions and climate warming. Scaling is the process of mineral precipitation in fluid pathways and geothermal equipment. It is known to significantly hamper geothermal energy production by decreasing the rates of heat extraction. Numerous research efforts are dedicated to ch…
The deep shale gas resources of the Sichuan Basin are abundant and constitute an important component of China’s natural gas production. Complicated by fault zones and other geostructures, the in situ stress state of the deep shale gas reservoirs in the Luzhou block remains poorly understood. This study integrated multiple datasets, including acoustic logging, diagnostic fracture injection tes…
The Dead Sea ecosystem, with its hypersaline conditions, base-level fluctuations, and active tectonics, presents a unique challenge for geological studies. Its equilibrium is increasingly unbalanced due to overexploitation of water and mineral resources. Remote sensing, including drone-based photogrammetry and satellite imaging, monitors large-scale surface changes, while geophysical methods li…
The Miné-Akiyoshidai Karst Plateau aspiring UNESCO Global Geopark (aUGGp) in western Japan hosts several geologically significant heritage sites, including the Late Paleozoic Akiyoshi Limestone, the Late Triassic Mine Group, the Late Cretaceous Naganobori copper deposits, and the Akiyoshido Cave and karst plateau. The Akiyoshi Limestone at the Kaerimizu site originated as an atoll reef atop a …
Basin-scale dolomitization of carbonate sequences occurs over long time spans and results from diagenesis, burial, and tectonically driven fluid fluxes. Depicting the different geological processes producing dolomitized carbonate sequences requires combining accurate field, petrographic, and geochemical analyses. Here, we investigate the dolomitization processes in carbonates of the Norian to T…
Passive seismic surveys have attracted interest for use in many geological and geotechnical applications in the past few decades, mainly in reconstructing models of near-surface properties. They are also of interest in the mineral exploration of shallow deposits where targets lay on or within the bedrock and are covered by loose sediments above. The goal of this article was to test the effectiv…
During the Late Miocene, Giraffidae of the genus Bohlinia were widespread in the Greco-Iranian bioprovince (Pikermian biome), while the occurrence in Africa (Chad) was disproven. The fossils of Bohlinia cf. attica described and compared here come from the Late Miocene of Cessaniti (southern Italy), associated with another giraffid, Samotherium cf. boissieri, and the large mammals Stegotetrabelo…
The accurate prediction of rock mass quality ahead of the tunnel face is crucial for optimizing tunnel construction strategies, enhancing safety, and reducing geological risks. This study developed three hybrid models using random forest (RF) optimized by moth-flame optimization (MFO), gray wolf optimizer (GWO), and Bayesian optimization (BO) algorithms to classify the surrounding rock in real …