In this study, we evaluated six machine learning models for their skill in predicting the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). The results based on the IOD index predictions at 1–8 month lead time indicate that the AdaBoost model with Multi-Layer Perceptron as the base estimator, AdaBoost(MLP), to perform better than the other five models in predicting the IOD index at all lead times. Interestingly, th…
A novel approach is presented for inferring covariance functions from sparse data using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Two workflows are proposed: (1) direct prediction of variogram model parameters, and (2) prediction of experimental variogram values at specified lag distances, which are smooth and easily autofit. Workflow 1 achieves an r-squared of 0.80, while Workflow 2 attains a high…
Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Deep Learning (DL) are revolutionizing hydrology, driving significant advancements in water resource management, modeling, and prediction. This review synthesizes cutting-edge developments, methodologies, and applications of AI-ML-DL across key hydrological processes. By critically evaluating these techniques against traditional models, w…
The knowledge of type of precipitating cloud is crucial for radar based quantitative estimates of precipitation. We propose a novel model called CloudSense which uses machine learning to accurately identify the type of precipitating clouds over the complex terrain locations in the Western Ghats (WG) of India. CloudSense uses vertical reflectivity profiles collected during July–August 2018 fro…
Floods affect chronically many communities around the world. Their socioeconomic impact increases year-by-year, boosted by global warming and climate change. Combined with long-term preemptive measures, preparatory actions are crucial when floods are imminent. In the last decade, machine learning models have been used to anticipate these hazards. In this work, we model the Ter river (NE Spain),…
Targeting reservoirs below seismic resolution presents a major challenge in reservoir characterization. High-resolution seismic data is critical for imaging the thin gas-bearing Khadro sand facies in several fields within the Lower Indus Basin (LIB). To truly characterize thin beds below tuning thickness, we showcase an optimally developed deep learning technique that can save up to 75% turn-ar…
The complexity of the relationship between climate variables including temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) arises from the complex interaction between these factors. NDVI is a widely used index to analyze the characteristics of vegetation cover, including its dynamic patterns. It is a crucial parameter for examining vegetation stabili…
As critical transitional ecosystems, estuaries are facing the increasingly urgent threat of salt wedge intrusion, which impacts their ecological balance as well as human-dependent activities. Accurately predicting estuary salinity is essential for water resource management, ecosystem preservation, and for ensuring sustainable development along coastlines. In this study, we investigated the appl…
This paper provides a new open-source software, named BioReactPy, for simulation of microbial-mediated coupled processes of flow and reactive transport in porous media. The software is based on the micro-continuum approach, and geochemistry is handled in a fully coupled manner with biomass-nutrient growth treated with Monod equation in a single integrated framework, without dependencies on thir…
The field of geology has been the subject of a range of research efforts aiming to formalize geological domain knowledge, notably through geological domain ontologies. The main focus of existing geological ontologies primarily lies in describing static geological objects and their properties, paying less attention to the knowledge concerning geological processes and events. Meanwhile, the geolo…