3D geologic modeling and mapping often relies on gravity modeling to identify key geologic structures, such as basin depth, fault offset, or fault dip. Such gravity models generally assume either homogeneous or spatially uncorrelated densities within modeled rock bodies and overlying sediments, with average densities typically derived from surface and drill-hole sampling. The noise contributed …
Elucidating the tectonic setting of unknown rock samples has long attracted the interest of not only igneous petrologists but also a wide range of geoscientists. Recently, attempts have been made to use machine learning to discriminate the tectonic setting of igneous rocks. However, few studies have designed methods that are applicable to altered rocks. This study proposes a novel approach that…
The delineating of bedrock from sediment is one of the most important phases in the fundamental process of regional bedrock identification and mapping, and it is usually manually performed using high-resolution optical remote-sensing images or Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data. This task, although straightforward, is time consuming and requires extensive and specialized labor. We contrib…
Quantitative estimates of present-day earthquake hazard in major cities are essential for effective policymaking, community development, and seismic risk reduction. In this study, we develop a statistical analysis of natural times in Nepal to compute earthquake potential score (EPS) that describes the current level of seismic progression of a city through irregular repetitive cycle of regional …
Suspended sediment concentration (SSC) information on the coastal waters is necessary for understanding and management of the estuarine environment. It serves as an indicator of coastal erosion and deposition. It is challenging for a macro-tidal estuary like the Hugli with a complex hydrodynamic condition and depth variations to estimate suspended sediment concentration by field observations on…
The European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) disseminates weather and climate-related satellite data to its users via satellite broadcast. As part of this, the EUMETSAT Advanced Retransmission Service (EARS) provides Sensor Data Records (SDR) from the United States satellites Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) and NOAA-20. Due to bandwidt…
In the view of climate change, understanding and managing effects on coastal areas and adjacent cities is essential. Permanent Laser Scanning (PLS) is a successful technique to not only observe notably sandy coasts incidentally or once every year, but (nearly) continuously over extended periods of time. The collected point cloud observations form a 4D point cloud data set representing the evolu…
The cover and management factor (C-factor) of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) represents the effects of crop cover, weighted by rainfall pattern, on predicted soil erosion rates. This requires an estimate of seasonal rainfall erosivity and soil protection afforded by the crop at different phenological stages, expressed by a soil loss ratio (SLR). However, soil erosion modelers often rel…
Protected agriculture boosts the production of vegetables, berries and fruits, and it plays a pivotal role in guaranteeing food security globally in the face of climate change. Remote sensing is proven to be useful for identifying the presence of (low-tech) plastic greenhouses and plastic mulches. However, the classification accuracy notoriously decreases in the presence of small-scale farming,…
Light detection and ranging (lidar) scanning systems can be used to provide a point cloud with high quality and point density. Gridded digital elevation models (DEMs) interpolated from laser scanning point clouds are widely used due to their convenience, however, DEM uncertainty is rarely provided. This paper proposes an end-to-end workflow to quantify the uncertainty (i.e., standard deviation)…