During drilling, to maximize future expected production of hydrocarbon resources, the experts commonly adjust the trajectory (geosteer) in response to new insights obtained through real-time measurements. Geosteering workflows are increasingly based on the quantification of subsurface uncertainties during real-time operations. As a consequence, operational decision-making is becoming both bette…
In the course of engineering geological ground characterizations, internal structures of sediments are often simplified to continuous units and structures like lenses are drawn in cross sections based on geologists’ experience. Seeing this as oversimplifications, we propose discrete sediment body (DSB) modelling which is a computational workflow that permits generation of 3D meshes of sedimen…
Almost all Multiple-Point Statistic (MPS) methods use internally a template matching method to select patterns that best match conditioning data. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the performances of ten of the most frequently used template matching techniques in the framework of MPS algorithms. Performance is measured in terms of computing efficiency, accuracy, and memory usage. The meth…
Regional compilations of multi-element geochemistry can show shifts of level and dynamic range between component surveys, for example when analyses have been made using different laboratories or procedures or at different times. To create a unified composite picture of the geochemistry over a region, some form of relevelling of individual surveys may be needed. Existing treatments have focused …
Quantitative estimates of present-day earthquake hazard in major cities are essential for effective policymaking, community development, and seismic risk reduction. In this study, we develop a statistical analysis of natural times in Nepal to compute earthquake potential score (EPS) that describes the current level of seismic progression of a city through irregular repetitive cycle of regional …
The construction of conceptual geological models is an essential task in petroleum exploration, especially during the early stages of investment, when evidence about the subsurface is limited. In this task, geoscientists recreate the most likely geological scenarios that led to potential accumulation of reserves in a target block, based on past experience, historical analogues, and interpreted …
This paper describes the methods and demonstrates their use to reproduce published Eh–pH and chemical activity diagrams for oxide and sulfide minerals in two bimetallic systems (Fe–V–O–H and Cu–Fe–S–O–H). New logf –pH diagrams are presented to show dissolved species in the Cu–Fe–S–O–H–Cl system and the effects of Fe:Cu ratio on sulfide mineral assemblages.
Igneous rocks form when molten magma is cooled and solidified, either within the Earth’s crust (plutonic rocks), or from lava extruded onto the Earth’s surface in the atmosphere or underwater (volcanic rocks). The classification of igneous rocks can be done using data from different instrumental techniques. However, these approaches tend to be expensive and time-consuming. In this research …
Land surface temperature (LST) is an important parameter for the biosphere, cryosphere, and climate change studies. In this study, we estimate LST, NDMI, and NDWI over the Ravi basin, India, and parts of Pakistan, using Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) data. The study develops an ERDAS IMAGINE image processing method by using the LANDSAT 8 band 3(Green)…
Spectral unmixing is one of the unique advantages of hyperspectral images to map the type of species. Such images contain a high spectral resolution making it a classical problem of signal processing at each pixel, which is supposedly formed by the interaction of variously constituted end-members (also known as mixed pixels). Finding the abundance of any feature (or class or end-member) may req…